THEORIES OF COVALENT BONDING AND SHAPES OF MOLECULES
KEY POINTS:
1. Bond energy:
The average amount of energy required to break all bonds of a particular type in one mole of the substance.
2. Bond order:
The half of the difference between the number of bonding electrons and anti-bonding electrons.
3. Dipole moment:
It is a product of charge and the distance between the positive and negative centers present in a compound.
4. Hybridization:
It is a process of mixing of orbitals having different energy and shape to form orbitals having the same energy and shape. Mixing of orbitals to form new orbitals with specific orientations.
5. Pi bond:
A bond formed by the parallel overlap of the two planar p-orbitals present on the adjacent atoms.
6. Paramagnetism:
The substances which can be deflected in the magnetic field are called paramagnetic substances and the phenomena as paramagnetism.
7. Lone pair:
An electron pair that can be donated to electron deficient molecules is called lone pair
8. Bond length:
The distance between the nuclei of the two atoms forming a covalent bond is called bond length.