Classification of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases

CLASSIFICATION OF BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES

There are two types of acid and bases on the basis of the Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases.

Monoprotic acids:

Monoprotic acids are the acids that have the ability to donate one proton per molecule. For example HCl, CH3COOH, HNO3
\[CH_{3}COOH\; +\; H_{2}O\; \rightarrow\; H_{3}O^{+}\; +\; CH_{3}COO^{-}\]

Polyprotic acids:

Polyprotic acids are the acids which have the ability to donate more than one proton per molecule. For example H2SO4, H3PO4
\[H_{2}SO_{4}\; +\; H_{2}O\; \rightleftharpoons \; H_{3}O^{+}\; +\; HSO_{4}^{-}\]
\[HSO_{4}^{-}\; +\; H_{2}O\; \rightleftharpoons \; H_{3}O^{+}\; +\; SO_{4}^{-2}\]

Monoprotic base:

Monoprotic bases are the bases that have the ability to accept one proton per molecule. For example HS^-
\[HS^{-}\; +\; H^{+}\; \rightleftharpoons \; H_{2}S\]

Polyprotic base:

Polyprotic bases are the bases that have the ability to accept more than one proton per molecule. For example SO4^-2
\[SO_{4}^{-2}\; +\; 2H^{+}\; \rightleftharpoons \; H_{2}SO_{4}\]