Biology Grade 10 MCQs Chapter 11

Chapter 11 - Multiple Choice Questions

Welcome to the multiple-choice questions from Chapter 11. This section explores the excretory system, kidney functions, nephron structure, urine formation, homeostasis, and related diseases. Each question is designed to test your understanding of key concepts. The correct answers are provided below each question. Let's begin!

1. What is the function of the nephron?

Ⓐ Producing hormones Ⓑ Filtering blood and excreting waste Ⓒ Pumping oxygen in the body Ⓓ Breaking down food

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Filtering blood and excreting waste

2. What are the three main parts of a nephron?

Ⓐ Glomerulus, proximal tubule, distal tubule Ⓑ Ureter, bladder, urethra Ⓒ Liver, kidneys, lungs Ⓓ Heart, arteries, veins

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Glomerulus, proximal tubule, distal tubule

3. What is the function of the glomerulus?

Ⓐ To store urine Ⓑ To absorb glucose Ⓒ To filter blood plasma Ⓓ To produce enzymes

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓒ To filter blood plasma

4. What is the function of the Bowman's capsule?

Ⓐ Collects filtrate from the blood Ⓑ Produces urea Ⓒ Stores waste products Ⓓ Pumps blood through the kidneys

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Collects filtrate from the blood

5. What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?

Ⓐ Absorbs water, electrolytes, and glucose Ⓑ Transports urine to the bladder Ⓒ Pumps blood to the kidneys Ⓓ Converts glucose into energy

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Absorbs water, electrolytes, and glucose

6. What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Ⓐ Produces hormones Ⓑ Regulates water and electrolyte balance Ⓒ Breaks down food in the kidneys Ⓓ Filters oxygen

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Regulates water and electrolyte balance

7. What does the loop of Henle do?

Ⓐ Stores urine Ⓑ Concentrates urine by reabsorbing water Ⓒ Produces waste products Ⓓ Pumps blood

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Concentrates urine by reabsorbing water

8. What is the function of the collecting duct?

Ⓐ Transports blood Ⓑ Carries urine to the renal pelvis Ⓒ Absorbs oxygen Ⓓ Breaks down proteins

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Carries urine to the renal pelvis

9. What is the difference between afferent and efferent arterioles?

Ⓐ Afferent carries blood into the glomerulus, efferent carries blood out Ⓑ Both carry blood out of the glomerulus Ⓒ They transport oxygen in the lungs Ⓓ They carry urine to the bladder

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Afferent carries blood into the glomerulus, efferent carries blood out

10. What waste product is filtered out of the blood by the nephron?

Ⓐ Oxygen Ⓑ Urea Ⓒ Carbon dioxide Ⓓ Water

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Urea

11. What are the main organs of the urinary system?

Ⓐ Lungs and heart Ⓑ Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Ⓒ Stomach and intestines Ⓓ Liver and pancreas

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

12. What is the function of the kidneys?

Ⓐ Produce bile Ⓑ Filter waste and regulate blood pressure Ⓒ Store nutrients Ⓓ Break down carbohydrates

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Filter waste and regulate blood pressure

13. What is the function of the ureters?

Ⓐ Carry urine from kidneys to bladder Ⓑ Produce digestive enzymes Ⓒ Absorb glucose Ⓓ Transport blood to the heart

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Carry urine from kidneys to bladder

14. What are the kidneys?

Ⓐ Two bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood Ⓑ Muscular tubes that carry urine Ⓒ Hollow sacs that store urine Ⓓ Organs that break down food

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Two bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood

15. What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Ⓐ Producing digestive enzymes Ⓑ Filtering waste and regulating blood pressure Ⓒ Storing oxygen for the body Ⓓ Producing bile for digestion

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Filtering waste and regulating blood pressure

16. What are ureters?

Ⓐ Tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder Ⓑ Glands that produce urine Ⓒ Chambers that store urine Ⓓ Vessels that carry oxygen

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder

17. What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Ⓐ To store urine before it leaves the body Ⓑ To filter waste from the blood Ⓒ To absorb water from urine Ⓓ To break down proteins

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ To store urine before it leaves the body

18. What is the urethra?

Ⓐ A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside Ⓑ A structure that stores urine Ⓒ A filter for waste products Ⓓ A part of the large intestine

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside

19. What are kidney stones?

Ⓐ Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys Ⓑ Soft tissue growths in the kidney Ⓒ Excessive water stored in the kidneys Ⓓ Blockages in the ureters

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys

20. What is the most common symptom of a kidney stone?

Ⓐ Nausea Ⓑ Severe pain in the lower back Ⓒ Swelling in the legs Ⓓ Frequent hunger

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Severe pain in the lower back

21. How can kidney stones be treated?

Ⓐ Surgery Ⓑ Shockwave lithotripsy Ⓒ Increased fluid intake Ⓓ All of the above

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓓ All of the above

22. What is a major risk factor for developing kidney stones?

Ⓐ Dehydration Ⓑ Excessive oxygen intake Ⓒ Sleeping too much Ⓓ High protein intake

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Dehydration

23. How can you reduce the risk of kidney stones?

Ⓐ Drink plenty of water Ⓑ Eat a high-salt diet Ⓒ Reduce fluid intake Ⓓ Avoid fruits and vegetables

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Drink plenty of water

24. What is a kidney transplant?

Ⓐ A surgery to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy one Ⓑ A procedure to clean kidney stones Ⓒ A treatment for high blood pressure Ⓓ A way to increase kidney size

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ A surgery to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy one

25. Who can donate a kidney?

Ⓐ Only family members Ⓑ Both living and deceased donors Ⓒ Only people over 60 Ⓓ Only twins

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓑ Both living and deceased donors

26. What is dialysis?

Ⓐ A process that artificially removes waste from the blood Ⓑ A surgery to remove kidney stones Ⓒ A test for kidney function Ⓓ A hormone therapy for kidneys

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ A process that artificially removes waste from the blood

27. What are the two types of dialysis?

Ⓐ Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis Ⓑ Urethral and urinary dialysis Ⓒ Renal and pulmonary dialysis Ⓓ Arterial and venous dialysis

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

28. What is the role of the circulatory system?

Ⓐ Transport oxygen and nutrients Ⓑ Break down proteins Ⓒ Filter waste from blood Ⓓ Produce digestive enzymes

✔ Correct Answer: Ⓐ Transport oxygen and nutrients